Modification of leaf

1. Leaf tendril
2. Leaf scale 
3. Scale leaf
4. Phyllode
5. Pitcher 
6. Bladder 
  

1. Leaf tendril - Tendrils may be modified leaflet, leaf tips or leaf stipules they may have, however ,be derived as modified stem branches 
                  Common eg. Of tendril producing plant are the grapes , members of the squash or melon family ( cucurbitaceae)  the sweet pea ( lathyrus odoratus) and the Passion flowers  ( passiflora species) 

          Fig. Plassiflora, cucurbita, pea


                         Fig. Botany , leaf tendril 

2. Leaf spains - The parts of the leaves are modified into sharp and pointed structure is known as leaf spains . It shows lateral bud arising in the axis of 3- pronged modified leaves . Spin developed in the margin as well as the apex of the lowery plant . 
Eg . barberry, opuntia 


 Fig. Barberry 


Function

1. Protection
2. To check the operation of water the leaf become needle secret . 


3. Scale leaf - They protect the auxiliary bud present in their axil . Scale leaves in onion are freshy and thick  store food and water . These are thin membranous structure without stalk , brownish or colourless in appearance.

Eg. Asparagus

                            Fig. Asparagus


                            Fig. Onion 

Function

1. Protect the auxiliary but that they beared in the axil .
  
2. Sometime they are freshy 
  

4. Phyllode - Phyllode are modified petioles or leaf stem, which are leaf - like in appearance and function . The phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf . 


 Fig. Phyllode acacia, Australian acacia


5. Pitcher plant - In pitcher plant the leaf becomes modified into pitcher. In pitcher each part of the leaf modified into different . 

    Leaf base is modified into leaf like structure 


 Fig. Nepenthes

 Fig. Pitcher plant, nature's raincoat
                
6. Bladder - The leaf segment of much dissected leaves are modified to form small bladders.

 
 Fig. Leaf bladder 


     Function

1. These bladders have sensitive hair, bunched trigger bristles trape valve and glands for trapping and digesting small insects.
        

                    













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